Bulgaria Archives

WENR, November/December 2003: Bulgaria

Published: November 1, 2003

Editorial Note: Web links have been removed from this page due to outdated third-party web content. LEGAL FRAMEWORKS Since 1989, Bulgarian higher education has undergone several phases of reform. Two laws affecting higher education have been adopted: The Higher Education Act (1995) and the Amendment…

New Structure of Bulgarian Higher Education

Published: November 1, 1998

Margaret Dobrow-King Senior Area Specialist On Dec. 12, 1995, the Bulgarian National Assembly passed the Higher Education Act. This legislation outlined the new structure of higher education and set guidelines for the new academic titles and degrees to be awarded. It also made clear how…

↑ 1.	Medium Range Projection. United Nations. 2015. World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, accessed February 2017, https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/files/key_findings_wpp_2015.pdf
↑ 2.	Student mobility data from different sources such as UNESCO, the Institute of International Education, and the governments of various countries may be inconsistent, in some cases showing substantially different numbers of international students, whether inbound, or outbound, from or in particular countries. This is due to a number of factors, including: data capture methodology, data integrity, definitions of ‘international student,’ and/or types of mobility captured (credit, degree, etc.). WENR’s policy is not to favor any given source over any other, but to try and be transparent about what we are reporting, and to footnote numbers which may raise questions about discrepancies. This article includes data reported by multiple agencies.
↑ 3.	International Organization for Migration. 2014. Promoting Better Management of Migration in Nigeria: Needs assessment of the Nigerian Education Sector. Abuja. Accessed February 2017, https://nigeria.iom.int/, p. 19.
↑ 4.	Ibid., p. 20
↑ 5.	The General Certificate of Education O-Level Examination that was offered in Nigeria until 1989 has been replaced by a second annual SSC exam in November/December.
↑ 6.	For an overview of the development of the university system see: Iruonagbe, C.T . and Egharevba, M.E. Higher Education in Nigeria and the Emergence of Private Universities. In: International Journal of Education and Research, Vol. 3 No. 2, February 2015, pp.49 -56. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/32225370.pdf
↑ 7.	More recent data from UIS are not available as of early 2017.
↑ 8.	International Organization for Migration. 2014. Promoting Better Management, p. 21.
↑ 9.	Ibid.
↑ 10.	Osipian, Ararat L. 2013. Recruitment and admissions: Fostering transparency on the path to higher education. In: Transparency International. Global Corruption Report: Education. Routledge. 148-154, Accessed February 2017, https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/global_corruption_report_education, 149.
↑ 11.	Transparency International. 2013. Introduction. Global Corruption Report: Education. Routledge. Accessed February 2017, https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/global_corruption_report_education, 8.
↑ 12.	Bretag, Tracey. 2013. Short-cut students: From academic misconduct to academic integrity, In: Transparency International. Global Corruption Report: Education. Routledge. 171-177, Accessed February 2017, https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/global_corruption_report_education, 173.

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WENR, November/December 2003: Bulgaria

New Structure of Bulgarian Higher Education

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