Bologna Country Update: Finland

By Nick Clark, Assistant Editor, WENR Legal Framework The Higher Education Development Act of 1986 includes provisions on the mission of the higher education system, appropriations and their allocation. The Universities Act of 1997 and Decree (1998) include provisions on the mission of the universities,…

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Bologna Country Update: Sweden

By Nick Clark, Assistant Editor, WENR Legislative Framework In April 2002, the Ministry of Education and Science appointed a group to review developments relating to the Bologna Process. A final report, “Degree Review,” will be released by December 2003. For further information, see: http://utbildning.regeringen.se/inenglish/pdf/review_univdegrees.pdf. The…

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Bologna Country Update: Estonia

By Nick Clark, Assistant Editor, WENR Legal Framework The higher education system is binary and consists of universities (ülikool), applied higher education institutions (rakenduskörgkool) and vocational education institutions (kutseöppeasutus) in both the public and the private sector. In 1999, extensive reform with regard to curricula…

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Bologna Country Update: Iceland

By Nick Clark, Assistant Editor, WENR Legal Framework Legislation on higher education institutions enacted in 1997 establishes the general framework for the activities of institutions. There currently are eight institutions of higher education in Iceland – five are state-run, and the others are privately run…

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Bologna Country Update: Denmark

By Nick Clark, Assistant Editor, WENR Legal Framework Due to the multifaceted nature of Bologna implementation in Denmark, a steering committee – the Bologna Follow-up Group – comprised of representatives of the invested ministries, agencies, institutions and organizations has been set up. The legislative basis…

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