by Robert Sedgwick, Editor, WENR In the past three issues of WENR we’ve presented four countries that are in the process of implementing significant educational reforms in line with the Bologna Declaration, which was signed in 1999. As we have seen, France, Germany, Italy and…
by Robert Sedgwick, Editor, WENR Part III: Italy Until quite recently, the Italian university system remained rigidly centralized. During the 1960s and 1970s, increased demand for university degrees brought about the massification of higher education in Italy, which in turn necessitated a complete overhaul of…
by Robert Sedgwick, Editor, eWENR A Europe of knowledge is now widely recognized as an irreplaceable factor for social and human growth and as an indispensable component to consolidate and enrich the European citizenship, capable of giving its citizens the necessary competences to face the…
by Robert Sedgwick, Editor, eWENR German unification in 1990 ushered in an educational reform program aimed largely at superimposing the West German system of higher education over the eastern system. Some of the changes included updating technical standards, increasing enrollments and downsizing faculty and staff…
by Robert Sedgwick, Editor, WENR On June 18-19, 1999, representatives from 29 countries convened in Bologna to hammer out an agreement aimed at promoting greater harmonization among Europe’s diverse systems of higher education. After much delay, the document was signed by all in attendance. The…