By Mariam Assefa, Executive Director, WES, and Robert Sedgwick, Editor, WENR I. Introduction Since the signing of the Bologna Declaration in 1999, Europe has gradually been moving toward a two-tiered system of higher education based on separate bachelor’s and master’s degrees. Countries that have the…
By Nick Clark, Assistant Editor, WENR Status of the Implementation Process In an attempt to benchmark progress that has been made towards the goal of establishing a European Higher Education Area by 2010, WENR is providing updates on the structural, legislative and institutional changes that…
By Nick Clark, Assistant Editor, WENR Legislative Framework In 1992 the Czech and Slovak Federation was dissolved and each republic became independent. In both republics the same higher education reform was passed in 1991. The new law abolished central planning by the ministries and re-established…
By Nick Clark, Assistant Editor, WENR Status of the Implementation Process In an attempt to benchmark progress that has been made towards the goal of establishing a European Higher Education Area by 2010, WENR will, over the next three issues, be providing updates on the…
By Nick Clark, Assistant Editor, WENR Legal Framework Since the overthrow of the Ceausescu regime in 1989 and the country’s transition to a market-based economy, many educational reforms have been implemented in Romania. However, these reforms have progressed relatively slowly and their objectives have changed…